What are the symptoms of breast cancer?
1. Mass in the meme or under the armpit (stiffness, swelling)
2. The discharge from the nipple,
3. Inward withdrawal, collapse or malformation at the nipple,
4. Wound or redness in breast skin,
5. Edema in the breast skin, swelling and inward withdrawal (orange-skinned appearance),
6. Growth or asymmetry in the mammal,
7. Muscle pain,
8. In some patients, without any of these symptoms, the cancer can be detected on the mammogram.
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
1. Breast Cancer Although breast cancer can be seen at any age, the incidence increases after 40-50 years. Breast cancer develops in every 8 women older than 85 years,
2. Previously known breast cancer story. Cancer that has been previously treated in the same or other mammal of the patient increases the risk of developing cancer again,
3. A breast cancer story in the family. Detection of breast cancer in family members of the patient poses a risk for breast cancer. Annede, the risk of breast cancer detection in sisters is 2-3 fold increased risk for the patient. If breast cancer occurs in premenopausal age and occurs in two mammals, the risk is higher,
4. Genetic predisposition. Genetic factors play a role in 5-10% of breast cancers. This rate is especially high in early-onset breast cancers. Disorder in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is the most important cause of genetic breast cancer,
5. Staying under estrogen for a long time and estrogen treatment. Estrogen increases the risk of breast cancer in women exposed for long periods. This may be due to the use of estrogen for any reason, as well as early puberty or late menopause. The risk is also increased in women who do not have children or who are late mothers,
6. Being treated with radiation,
7. Obesity,
8. Smoking,
9. Hormone therapy. Women with postmenopausal hormone therapy are more likely to have breast cancer,
10. Cancerous lesions. Detection of atypical ductal hyperplasia or carcinoma in situ in biopsies performed for any reason in the mem- ory earlier increases the risk of cancer.
What are the methods used to diagnose and screen breast cancer?
Mammography
Mammography is an invaluable method for diagnosis of breast cancer and mass screening. Especially after age 50, diagnosis is more secure. After 40 years of age, every woman is recommended to have a mammography routine.
Ultrasonography
It is particularly useful to distinguish whether or not the mass is filled with liquid (cystic mass) in patients with masses that have been found in the mammary gland.
Magnetic Resonance (MR)
Although the price of the Memede MR is expensive, it can be preferred because of its high level of diagnostic safety. Breast conserving surgery can be used to investigate whether there are other tumors hidden in patients who are planned.
Genetic tests
Mutation in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes and mutation in these genes can be detected by blood testing in high-risk patients after establishing a relationship between genetic breast cancer
